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Cases of the poor stomach bug norovirus grow in parts United States this winter, according to government data.
Latest numbers from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show that 91 norovirus outbreaks were reported during the week of December 5, compared to 69 outbreaks in the last week of November.
Numbers from the past few years show a maximum of 65 outbreaks reported during that first week of December.
Norovirus infection is characterized by sudden vomiting and diarrhea. Outbreaks they are often seen on cruise ships, in living situations such as nursing homes and prisons, as well as schools and other places where people are close.
Here are a few things to know about this nasty germ:
What is norovirus?
Norovirus is the leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States, responsible for 58% of such infections acquired in the country each year, according to the CDC.
Norovirus infections are caused by a group of viruses that spread easily, and only 10 virus particles have the ability to make someone sick, health experts say.
About 2,500 norovirus outbreaks are reported in the United States each year. Epidemics can occur throughout the year, but are most common from November to April.
Along with vomiting and diarrhea, common symptoms include nausea, stomach pain, body aches, headache, and fever.
How do you get it?
Most norovirus outbreaks occur when people who are already infected spread the virus to others through a direct route, such as sharing food or cutlery. The epidemic can also spread through food, water or contaminated surfaces.
How long do you stay sick?
Disease caused by norovirus usually begins suddenly, with symptoms developing 12 to 48 hours after exposure to the virus. Most people recover within one to three days and make a full recovery.
But with 19 to 21 million illnesses each year in the United States, norovirus still causes an average of 900 deaths and 109,000 hospitalizations annually, mostly among adults age 65 and older. It also leads to 465,000 emergency room visits, mostly involving young children.
Who is at risk?
People people of all ages can be infected and become ill from norovirus. Young children, the elderly and those with weakened immune systems are most at risk, with dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea being the main concern.
There is no medicine to treat norovirus. Rehydration is recommended with drinking water and other liquids, with the exception of coffee, tea and alcohol.
Anyone suffering from dehydration should seek medical attention. Symptoms dehydration includes decreased urination, dry mouth and throat, and feeling dizzy when standing. Dehydrated children may be unusually sleepy or irritable and cry with little or no tears.
How can I protect myself?
Rigorous and frequent hand washing is the best defense against norovirus during the peak winter season, rubbing hands with soap and warm water for 20 seconds before eating.
Scrubbing surfaces with household disinfectants can also help.